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A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal connection between the bladder and the vagina, resulting in a continuous, involuntary discharge of urine from the bladder into the vaginal canal. This condition typically occurs as a result of trauma or injury to the tissues separating the bladder and the vagina. The most common cause of VVF is prolonged and obstructed labor, where sustained pressure from the baby's head during childbirth can lead to tissue necrosis and the formation of a fistula. Other causes include surgical complications, particularly following hysterectomy, pelvic radiation therapy, or gynecological surgeries, as well as severe pelvic infections or inflammatory conditions. The primary symptom of a vesicovaginal fistula is persistent and uncontrollable leakage of urine through the vagina, which can lead to significant physical discomfort, recurrent urinary tract infections, and social embarrassment. The constant wetness can also cause skin irritation and sores in the genital area. Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination and imaging studies such as cystoscopy, where a camera is inserted into the bladder to visualize the fistula. Treatment of VVF usually involves surgical repair, where the fistula is closed by reconstructing the damaged tissues between the bladder and the vagina. While surgery is often successful, complications can include infection, recurrence of the fistula, and urinary incontinence. In some cases, multiple surgeries may be required to fully repair the fistula. Despite these challenges, successful repair of a vesicovaginal fistula can significantly improve the patient's quality of life, restoring normal urinary function and alleviating associated symptoms.